Medication errors and prevention in nursing Research Paper

Medication errors and prevention in nursing - Research Paper Example ional practice, health care products, procedures, and systems, including prescribing; order communication; product labeling, packaging, and nomenclature; compounding; dispensing; distribution; administration; education; monitoring; and use. The greatest cause of the errors in medication is significantly associated to limited technology in most healthcare facilities among other personal factors like social stress, fatigue and incompetence. Research findings have established that modern technology can be applied with relatively high effectiveness in terms of precision and accuracy of medical related services delivery (Aspden & Institute of Medicine, 2006). The best known way for hospitals to protect patients from errors is by adopting technology called computerized physician order entry (CPOE). The physician or any other authorized prescriber enters orders for a patient on a computer that contains patient information such as key lab values, clinical condition, allergies, etc. The computer checks the safety and appropriateness of the order and sends it electronically to the pharmacy (Aspden & Institute of Medicine, 2006). In the Colchicine example, a good CPOE system would alert the physician to the misplaced decimal in the order, and the best systems would prevent the order from being written in the first place. In my mind, one of the greatest advances of CPOE is that it eliminates the need for pharmacists to decipher physician handwriting. I’ve often wondered how they do that. Increased awareness creation through periodic seminars would also address personal issues that contribute to such mistakes by

E-Learning Management System Essay Example for Free

E-Learning Management System Essay Philippines-based LexioNet Corporation launches the countrys first and only SCORM-compliant Learning Management System (LMS) and online campus. Philippines-based LexioNet Corporation announced the release of the countrys first and only Learning Management System (LMS) that conforms to the rigorous specifications of the Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM), the de-facto global standard in Web-based learning. Widely adopted by the US government, large business enterprises and academic institutions worldwide, SCORM primarily addresses issues of interoperability between e-learning content, tools and systems. The Lexioâ„ ¢ Online Campus, powered by the companys SCORM-compliant engine, is an interactive learning environment that makes teaching and learning a fun and engaging experience. Students can study and practice any time, from any computer with access to the Internet. Teachers and courseware developers, on the other hand, can create rich and reusable Web-based learning content using a variety of SCORM-compliant authoring tools. All Lexioâ„ ¢ virtual classrooms have exclusive forums for online discussions to facilitate student-teacher interaction, team learning, and collaboration. Moreover, Lexioâ„ ¢ has multilingual features and offers a broad spectrum of basic course materials that go beyond geographic borders. Bong Cosca, LexioNet CEO, said the launch of the Lexioâ„ ¢ Online Campus represents a significant milestone in the Philippines efforts to accelerate economic growth through educational development, information technology and globalization. E-Learning Management System by Angelo. G. Garcia || Manila Bulletin Newspaper Online Manila, Philippines — Never mind that we are the texting or the Facebook capital of the world, the truth is the Philippines is still far behind as far as e-learning is concerned. While most countries are now adopting technologically-based learning experience in their education systems, the Philippines is yet to start on a 12-year basic education curriculum. The government has no concrete plans either when it comes to e-learning. For instance, Singapore’s Ministry of Education created a solid e-learning plan in their education system as early as 1997. Today, in Nanyang Girls’ High School in Singapore, students are provided with iPads as part of their e-learning system. â€Å"Students today do not learn the same way like their parents did. Children today are so engrossed with their devices. They don’t even talk to parents anymore, everybody is looking at their gadgets and the interaction is not there anymore,† explained Paul Tan, department head of Information and Communication Technology, Nanyang Girls’ High School. This school also uses a system that allows students to access their lessons anytime, anywhere. Students just need a strong wi-fi connection wherever they are and they are good to go. â€Å"Learning should be extended. Learning should go beyond the four walls of the classroom. We capitalize on the technological environment. E-learning makes it possible to do this even beyond the school walls. There are many possibilities in learning. Learning should be colourful and exciting but it has ultimately one goal — to educate the students,† Tan shared during the Diwa e-Learning presentation at the recent Catholic Educational Association of the Philippines Conference (CEAP), held in Davao City. When Singapore started their Information Communication Technology (ICT) Masterplan 1 in 1997, they started with the foundation, training teachers with the basic use of technology and building the necessary infrastructure support. Then came Masterplan 2 which focused on what technology to use in the system. And then it was time for Masterplan 3, the actual integration of ICT in the classroom. All in all, it took them 14 years to achieve the system that they have now. In this system, schools are connected to the internet, a necessary tool in e-learning. Technologies such as Google Earth and Global Positioning System (GPS) are being used in Geography classes, for instance. â€Å"We really encourage them to think beyond the box. They can learn anywhere. Apart from the technology, the walls in classroom are painted with a special kind of paint that allows the student to use whiteboard marker to just write to express their ideas,† Tan said. Singapore also tells its students to use better social networking websites like edmodo.com, a secure website that connects teachers and students. This site also allows teachers and students to collaborate, share content, access homework and grades. â€Å"We aim to have a student-centered learning through engaging lessons. So instead of Facebook, our students use a website that is safe and purely for education,† Tan shared. However, Tan qualified, technology does not replace everything in school. He said that teachers still play a vital role in education. â€Å"Students can get a lot of information online. How to turn this information to knowledge, that’s where teachers come in to verify and explain to the students about all these information,† he said. Tan shared that the most important part of this education revolution is commitment. â€Å"The government is committed, stakeholders are committed, students are interested, teachers want to learn. Commitment from all parties is very important.† In the Philippines, several schools are already starting to adopt e-learning in their education system. One such school is Don Bosco Technical Institute (DBTI) in Makati which has been using the Genyo e-Learning program by Diwa Learning Systems for three years now. Genyo is the first and only fully-integrated online learning management system for basic education. DBTI first started with teacher training in 2006, and it was not surprising that there was initial resistance from the faculty. But they forged on, said DBTI-M high school principal Lito Tenerife, even conducting constant dialogue with parents to make sure that everything was explained to them. By 2009, the school had already subscribed to the Genyo e-learning management system covering five subjects: Filipino, Math, English, Science, and History. Classrooms were connected to the internet, and equipment like laptop computers and projectors were acquired. Tenerife said that the impact on students already shows. â€Å"If a teacher announces to the students that tomorrow they have Genyo, they participate as if it’s their last day in school. It becomes a motivation factor that upon knowing that the following day they will have Genyo classes.† â€Å"Education today is not business as usual. The classrooms and learners of today are totally different from the learners that we were in high school. As responsible educators and policy makers, we need to take a closer look on how we are doing things,† explained Jose Maria Policarpio, executive director of of Diwa Learning Systems. It is a fact that today’s students belong to the millennial generation. They are children born in 1990 onwards. They have short attention spans. They are multi-taskers. And they are highly intuitive in technology. â€Å"These students have different learning styles. Some are auditory, some are visual and some are tactile. They learn best when they touch things, when they interact with things. We have to respect that if we want to be effective. We have a declining quality of education in the Philippines. We have to get our act together. If our basic education is not so firm, we should start with that,† Policarpio stressed. He recommends that before a school goes into the e-learning bandwagon, they should carefully plan first like what Singapore and Don Bosco Technical Institute did in their respective systems. E-learning systems should be easy to use. They should motivate students to learn. It should be something the students have no previously access to. It should go beyond traditional techniques. But first, the schools, and the government for that matter, should be willing to invest in their students’ education. â€Å"The ineffective use of technology must be corrected. Many use the PCs just to look for information, which is like looking at an encyclopedia. There are many effective technologies, the PowerPoint for example, it give you a new way of delivering your old content. Levelling, technology should afford to democratize education. Whether you’re rich or poor, disabled or abled, you should be able to get education. It should be transformative and should offer something new in doing things. Technology should be used to serve a purpose. Technology should not be used for technology’s sake,† Policarpio ends.

Culture :: essays papers

Culture The people of Aruba come primarily from European, African, and Latin American countries and the culture of the island reflects these varied backgrounds. The language, food, religion, and celebrations on Aruba are composed of a healthy mix of these countries. Aruba is closely tied to Holland because of its long occupation and present partnership in the Netherlands kingdom. The official language is Dutch, which is seen on the street signs, official documents, and many local newspapers. However, many aspects of Aruba’s culture reveal strong influences of contributing cultures, such as the common language Papiamento. Papiamento dates back to the sixteenth century, as a means for African slaves to communicate with their owners. Papiamento reflects the mentality and culture of the many peoples who have inhabited the region, including the Arawak and Carib Indians, African slaves, South American traders, Spanish conquers, Dutch merchants, Portuguese missionaries, and French and English settlers. While grammar is basic, many non-Arubans find its syntax and intonation challenging. Much of Papiamento has been handed down verbally from generation to generation. Its proverbs contain a simply stated wealth of philosophy and insight. Through humor and metaphor, utilizing food, animals, and objects from everyday life, Papiamento lends universal guidance and wisdom. Some popular phrases are â€Å"Bon Dia† for good morning, and â€Å"Masha Danki† for thank you. Aruban food is simple in preparation and taste. Mostly grilled without a lot of grease or spice, chicken, fish and vegetables are often accompanied by local vegetables such as corn, broccoli, potatoes or rice. Johnnycakes are fried biscuits prepared with slat fish (bacalaw) from Canada and Norway, which are popular in Aruba. Also popular are stews of beef, chicken, and goat, with ingredients of a cucumber called concomber and rice with black beans. Stuffed cheese, called keeshi yena, is a traditional Aruban dish dating back to the days of the Dutch West India Company. It was originally made by hollowing out the round Dutch cheeses and stuffing them with a mixture of chicken, vegetables, and spices. More modern recipes include raisins, grated cheese, breadcrumbs, olives, capers, and gherkins, and beef, fish or shrimp is sometimes used in lieu of chicken. Often eaten in place of bread is a cornmeal pudding similar to polenta. Slaves brought this recipe to the Caribbean from Wes t Africa. Culture :: essays papers Culture The people of Aruba come primarily from European, African, and Latin American countries and the culture of the island reflects these varied backgrounds. The language, food, religion, and celebrations on Aruba are composed of a healthy mix of these countries. Aruba is closely tied to Holland because of its long occupation and present partnership in the Netherlands kingdom. The official language is Dutch, which is seen on the street signs, official documents, and many local newspapers. However, many aspects of Aruba’s culture reveal strong influences of contributing cultures, such as the common language Papiamento. Papiamento dates back to the sixteenth century, as a means for African slaves to communicate with their owners. Papiamento reflects the mentality and culture of the many peoples who have inhabited the region, including the Arawak and Carib Indians, African slaves, South American traders, Spanish conquers, Dutch merchants, Portuguese missionaries, and French and English settlers. While grammar is basic, many non-Arubans find its syntax and intonation challenging. Much of Papiamento has been handed down verbally from generation to generation. Its proverbs contain a simply stated wealth of philosophy and insight. Through humor and metaphor, utilizing food, animals, and objects from everyday life, Papiamento lends universal guidance and wisdom. Some popular phrases are â€Å"Bon Dia† for good morning, and â€Å"Masha Danki† for thank you. Aruban food is simple in preparation and taste. Mostly grilled without a lot of grease or spice, chicken, fish and vegetables are often accompanied by local vegetables such as corn, broccoli, potatoes or rice. Johnnycakes are fried biscuits prepared with slat fish (bacalaw) from Canada and Norway, which are popular in Aruba. Also popular are stews of beef, chicken, and goat, with ingredients of a cucumber called concomber and rice with black beans. Stuffed cheese, called keeshi yena, is a traditional Aruban dish dating back to the days of the Dutch West India Company. It was originally made by hollowing out the round Dutch cheeses and stuffing them with a mixture of chicken, vegetables, and spices. More modern recipes include raisins, grated cheese, breadcrumbs, olives, capers, and gherkins, and beef, fish or shrimp is sometimes used in lieu of chicken. Often eaten in place of bread is a cornmeal pudding similar to polenta. Slaves brought this recipe to the Caribbean from Wes t Africa.

Book Report on Little Women by Louisa May Alcott :: Louisa May Alcott, Little Women

In 1868, Louisa May Alcott wrote the book Little Women in "response to a publisher's request for a 'girl's book'". Louisa wrote this book by calling upon her own memories of her childhood and putting them down on paper. This is the story of four young girls, Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy March, and how they endure all the trouble and hardships that come along during their lives. They are raised by their mother and by their father, and many interesting characters pop up along the way, such as Laurie, their good-natured next-door neighbor; Laurie later falls in love with Jo but ends up marrying Amy. In the beginning of the story they are all fairly young, the youngest being twelve years old, and their mother, whom they call Marmee, is left to guide them while their father is away fighting in the war. As they grow and mature, they learn many hard lessons about life. For instance, there was the time when Amy, the youngest, suffered her first punishment in school. She carries that anger, humility, and embarrassment with her for the rest of her life. There were also more serious lessons to be learned, like when one of the sisters, Beth, dies. By the end of the book, they really have turned from little women into real women. Jo was the second oldest of the four sisters. Her birth name was Josephine, but she always thought that it sounded too feminine, so she shortened it to Jo. Clearly, Jo was one of the main characters of the story because many of the events centered on her and the audience learned more about who she was. She was a tomboy at heart and hated all the prim and proper ways of the ladies in those days. Jo was very blunt in her speaking and always said exactly what was on her mind. However, most people felt right at ease speaking with her because she had a way of making them feel comfortable, despite her frankness. Jo was the one who first had enough courage to go over to the frightening house next door and talk with the Laurence Boy, whom they knew as Laurie after that, and became the best of friends with him. Despite that one good trait, Jo has an uncontrollable temper that can erupt at any time. This is quite evident one day when Amy burns one of Jo's most precious items-a book that she wrote stories in and had for years.

Montagnais Tribe Essay

The Montagnais Tribe Summary and Analysis: a. The myth comes from the the Montagnais tribe (also known as the Naskapi Indians), who are now called Innus (they have a lot of names) b. The location of the tribe during the pre-columbian era was in eastern Canada, in what is now Quebec. When the Europeans began dominating the Montagnais’ tribal lands, the Montagnais recognized that the Europeans could be of some use to them. They became quick allies with the french, and made a compromise with them to handle all of the tribe’s fur trade in turn for protecting them against their enemy tribe, the Mohawks. c. Main characters: – Atachecam – creator of the earth, the Montagnais don’t know much about him – Messou – flooded the entire earth and rebuilt it, loves his lynxes – Muskrat – Brought back the piece of land that Messou uses to rebuild the earth – The Lynxes – Messou’s beloved pets, dumb enough to get stuc k in a lake d. The Montagnais tribe believed that the world was created by a powerful god named Atachecam. However, they don’t know how he created the earth, nor do they know much about him. One day, Messou was hunting with his lynxes when the lynxes got trapped in a lake. Messou looked all over for them, but could not find them, until a bird came by and said that he had seen the lynxes going into the lake and that they were stuck there. Messou tried to go into the lake to save the lynxes, but he overflowed the lake and flooded the entire earth. Messou tried to send a raven to retrieve a piece of ground that he could use to rebuild the earth, but the raven was unsuccessful. Then he sent an otter to retrieve some ground, with the same results. Finally, Messou sent a muskrat to get land, and the muskrat returned successfully with a piece of ground. Messou rebuilt the earth, exacted revenge on whatever had been holding his lynxes, and married the muskrat to repopulate the earth. e. The Montagnais believed that the earth, or their land as they knew it, was an island that had been created by Messou when he flooded the earth, and that all of the offspring between the muskrat and Messou became ancestors of all of the current creatures of the earth (including humans.) In other words, the Montagnais believe that they were the original people on this land. f. The myth sounds vaguely familiar to the story of Noah’s Ark; in fact, in an altered version of the Innus creation myth, the Montagnais God commanded a man to build a large canoe, and then flooded the earth. In comparison (with the first story), Messou can be connected to Noah, although Noah was not the cause of the flood that God created. The fact that Messou married the muskrat to repopulate the earth could be connected to how, in saving all of the animals, Noah was able to repopulate the earth after the flood. In this myth, there is nothing that would necessarily support the theory of the crossing of the Bering Strait, aside from the fact that there was a flood, which very well may have occurred after the Ice Age in the Younger Dryas era, but the myth can definitely support the idea that the Montagnais were an original people. It certainly can be inferred that the creation myth could hold to some level of truth, (symbolically, of course.) g. What we can learn from oral history, especially this myth in particular, is whether or not certain tribes are an original people or sub-cultures of other tribes. We may also be able to tentatively trace the immigration of these tribes back as far as the Ice Age or possibly even before. h. Bibliography â€Å"Indians and Colonists Relations.† 123helpme.com. 123helpme.com, Inc. 2012. Web. â€Å"Montagnais.† Atlantapedia.com. Atlantapedia, Inc. 2012. Web. â€Å"Montgnais Religion.† bigorrin.com. Article Archives. 2012. Web.

Racism and Prejudice essays

Racism and Prejudice essays In my eight grade at Earl warren, I witnessed numerous amounts of prejudice and racism. Not saying names about certain specific people but this said designated person is a female. Ive known this girl since about the 2nd or 3rd grade so I know about her school life well enough to be able to tell this story. To my knowledge, I feel she grew up, at school, with a pleasant life as a young girl. She wasnt really known to be one of the prettiest girls, but I guess she could be considered a little sweet heart. As the years progressed, we already hit the fourth grade at Skyline Elementary School. School started off as a new-sprung and fresh start for her little life. Even though there was more to come in her new days, there was probably more that she would encounter that she wouldve ever expected. It kills me to still think about this, but older people in the 6th grade had already been introduced to smoking and drinking. This once pleasant girl had a rendezvous with her new coming future. As known to this day adolescent minds should not come to face with such horrors. She started to hang out with the older more mature kids a mature kids, how had better experience with the subject, which had caused her young, innocent mind to be penetrated beyond its boundaries to a new step in her life. While, the months and years proceeded by in a normal fashion her way of life confronted a huge U-turn. For instance, she started to dress in a gothic manner of wearing all dark and gloomy colors as if you changed into a totally different person. This came to conclude with major prejudices from our fellow classmates. I know how people thought in 5th and 6th grade and to people in that degree of age that was thought to be really weird. Kids just thought that because she wore constant black and glum colors that she was scary and dumb. I dont know what anyone else thinks, but saying someone is scary, m ...

Management of Projects

Management of Projects This paper is aimed at examining several questions related to project management. In the first section, such a concept as stakeholder is examined. Furthermore, this section includes a strategy for communicating with different stakeholders. Additionally, this paper highlights the differences between agile management and PMBoK.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Management of Projects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Furthermore, it is important to evaluate their applicability to a specific project such as the construction of Wembley Stadium. Moreover, much attention is paid to project scope, especially the need to make a list of items that have be excluded. Finally, this report throws light on the problems associated with the management of multi-cultural teams and outlines the methods of addressing them. Within the context of project management, the word stakeholder can be defined as any individual or â€Å"organis ation that is actively involved in a project, or whose interests may be positively or negatively affected by execution or completion of the project† (Pries Quigley 2012, p. 84). This definition is more beneficial because it helps managers consider the interests of different people and agencies. It should be noted that sometimes, scholars focus only on those people who are involved in the completion of a project (Hill 2014; Gunsteren 2011). In other words, they can be viewed as the main beneficiaries of a certain business activity. Nevertheless, this interpretation does not enable people to consider a wide range of impacts produced by a certain project. A more inclusive definition of this term is important for identifying the main risks associated with the activities of businesses and governmental agencies. This is one of the details that should be taken account. Overall, stakeholder management is critical for effective implementation of various projects. For instance, by inte racting with different managers, business administrators can identify the problems or weaknesses of a project. Additionally, these people can offer valuable recommendations regarding its implementation. One should keep in mind that sometimes, people may object to a project. For example, one can speak about infrastructural projects that may require the use of eminent domain. So, it is critical to consider the concerns of these people and find ways of reconciling conflicts. This is why this element of project management should not be overlooked.Advertising Looking for assessment on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Managers need to develop the strategy for communicating with different stakeholders. In particular, these people should be divided into two large groups, namely internal and external stakeholders. Some of them have a vested interest in the execution of a project. For example, one can speak about investors. In turn, other people may want to know whether a specific project can infringe on their interests in any way. This argument is particularly relevant if one speaks about the use of land belonging to the residents of the community. Additionally, one should identify their information needs and develop communication methods that can satisfy these needs (Sanghera 2007). Furthermore, the communication strategy should distinguish different types of documents that can be shared with external and internal stakeholders. For instance, investors or customers may want to learn about the way in which capital is used. Additionally, it is important to single out communication channels that are necessary for the interactions between stakeholders. For example, managers and employees can communicate with the help of such tools as emails, phone, Intranet sites, video chats, and so forth. Moreover, the management can interact with external stakeholders with the help of press releases su ch as Internet publications. Apart from that, it is necessary to show how different stakeholders can get in contract with the main decision-makers. Overall, one should adopt the so-called open door policy which implies that different workers can communicate with managers and senior executives without facing any bureaucratic difficulties (Ward 2011, p. 291). These people may need to express concerns about the implementation of a project. These are the main elements of this communication approach. Overall, this strategy is designed for a project that can influence various members of the community. Thus, it may potentially produce negative externalities on other people. It is possible to identify several strengths and weaknesses of this strategy. The main advantage is that it shows how stakeholders and managers can interact with each other. In particular, it does not exclude external stakeholders who may want to know about various impacts of the project. It is critical to ensure that t he interests of these people are not disregarded; since this neglect can lead to significant problems such as lawsuits. Additionally, this strategy can eliminate bureaucratic barriers through the adoption of open-door policy. This principle is important for identifying possible risks at the early stages (Ward 2011, p. 291).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Management of Projects specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Admittedly, there are some weaknesses that should be considered. In particular, project managers are the main agents guiding communication process. This strategy does not support the interaction between community members and employees working on the project. However, managers have to coordinate the interactions between different stakeholders. This is why they play the most prominent role. Furthermore, the restrictions included in this strategy are necessary to preserve confidential information. So, these limitations have to be accepted. These are the main details that can be singled out. There are several popular approaches to implementing projects; among them, one can distinguish such techniques as agile management and PMBoK (Project Management Body of Knowledge). They represent different perceptions of the way in which different tasks can be performed. It should be mentioned that PMBoK describes project implementation as a linear process incorporating such stages as â€Å"initiating, planning, execution, controlling, and closure† (Sobh 2008, p. 378). These parts can be viewed as sequential stages, and in most cases, their order cannot be reversed or rearranged in any way. In contrast, agile management lays stress on the importance of change as an inseparable part of project management (Cobb 2011). This model implies that the initial requirements can evolve considerably in the course of project implementation (Sobh 2008, p. 378). In many cases, clients need to see the protot ype in order to identify requirements and describe functionality (Nicholas, Steyn 2012). These are the main distinctions between these methods. It is possible to illustrate the way in which project managers can evaluate the appropriateness of these approaches. This case can be better examined by looking at such a project as the construction of Wembley Stadium. One can say that agile management was not fully appropriate for the needs for constructors. Instead, they applied the techniques which were more compatible with PMBoK approach1. At first, one should mention that the construction of stadiums represents the area that has been well examined. In this case, researchers and engineers have already identified a set of best practices (John, Sheard Vickery 2007).Advertising Looking for assessment on project management? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, clients can understand the attributes of the final product almost at the begining. In contrast, agile methodology implies that initial requirements may not coincide with the attributes of the final product (John et al 2007). In most cases, this approach is applied to the design of software, rather than infrastructural development (Sobh 2008). This is one of the details that should be considered. Additionally, one keep in mind that in this case, planners were able to identify the main uses of the stadium. For example, it had to host football or rugby matches. Furthermore, it was expected that Wembley would become one of the largest concert venues in London. Additionally, construction projects are highly regulated by various governmental agencies. These organisations want to make sure that safety requirements are met. Thus, many of the design and construction decisions are often standardised. This is another reason why the main functional requirements could be identified at the stage of planning. Apart from that, one should bear in mind that the modification of construction projects can be very expensive and time-consuming. These difficulties are particularly dangerous if an organisation has to meet stringent deadlines and budget restraints (Fish 2012). Attempts to bring changes at the stage of execution can be particularly challenging because many of the resources have already been used. Furthermore, one can speak about the conflicts between clients and contractors. As a rule, such disputes occur due to increasing costs of the project. In many cases, these disagreements may result in legal conflicts. This is why the use of agile management is not fully suitable.  Certainly, there were some difficulties which emerged during the implementation of the projects. In particular, one should speak about delays during construction. Nevertheless, such difficulties are widespread, and they can be mitigated with the help of effective scheduling and time management. Furthermore, one should bear in mind that there were some technical problems and it was necessary to change one of subcontractors. Moreover, changes were made in the scope of the project and some functional attributes had to be removed. Yet, the scope was modified at the early stages. However, at the very beginning, the planners could clearly the main project requirements. Overall, the selection of PMBoK was quite appropriate for the needs of this project. One should not suppose that the principles of agile management are completely inapplicable to this case. For example, one can speak about the need to involve users in project implementation. These people can identify possible problems at the early stages. However, in this case, it is impossible to ensure frequent delivery of products that are parts of this project. This is one of the details that should be taken into account. On the whole, this case illustrate that the choice of the project management technique depends on various criteria such ability of customers to identify the attributes of the final product, costs, time restraints, and so forth. The scope of the project can be defined in different ways. In particular, this term can be described as the main tasks that team members should do in order to create a certain product which has certain attributes (Vargas 2007). Apart from that, this notion is used to refer to the main functional characteristics of the final product (Vargas 2007). The second definition is usually more useful because it can be applied to measure that progress that a team has made during a certain period. In turn, the first interpretation is not closely related to the results that should be attained. This is one of the limitations that should be distinguished. Additionally, researchers note that managers should draw a distinct line between deliverables and activities involved in the project at the very beginning (Greer 2002). This is one of the issues that should not be overlooked. On the whole, scoping decisions have significant implications for the costs of a project and its duration (Schwalbe 2008). It is important to identify those features that have been excluded from the scope. Although many project managers focus on the items or functional characteristics that should be delivered, but it is also vital to pinpoint those deliverables that will not be included. At first, this step can be important for reducing the costs of a project. If designers and construction companies can clearly understand customers’ expectations, they will be able to work more efficiently and minimise delays (Schwalbe 2008). More importantly, in this way, one can avoid conflicts between clients and organisations that are responsible for the implementation of a project (Shephard 2006). Sometimes, customers may assume that their expectations are self-evident. Furthermore, they can ask why a certain deliverable was not included in the project (Schwalbe 2008; Greer 2002). Thus, they can blame contractors or designers. As a result, there is a significant risk of legal conflicts that can hinder the implementation of a project or even completely undermine it. This risk becomes particularly dangerous at the time when the project has already reached the stage of execution. Furthermore, the reputation of both clients and constructing companies can be damaged significantly. As a rule, planners have to exclude certain deliverables at the point when certain technical and financial problems arise. These issues should be clarified at the initial stages. These are some of the issues that should be addressed as quickly as possible. This argument is relevant if one speaks about the construction of Wembley Stadium. Initially, it was expected that this venue could host athletic competitions that are a critical part of the Olympic Games. Nevertheless, later it became clear that a single venue could not adequately accommodate for rugby, football, and athletic competitions ( Virginov, 2013, p. 52). At the stage of design, it became obvious that this goal could not be achieved due to time constraints and lack of space. Additionally, the designers and constructors clearly stated that Wembley Stadium could not accommodate a hotel (Lowe 2013). One should bear in mind that some constructing companies strive to make sure that a stadium can incorporate a hotel in its structure (Lowe 2013). This design choice can be important for increasing returns on a project and attracting a greater number of tourists. Thirdly, one should mention that the project planners decided to limit the expansion of hospitality suits. These choices were made by governmental agencies when it became clear that the project would too expensive. Furthermore, the construction process could become too time-consuming. These are the main rationales underlying these decisions. Thus, the scoping exclusions were necessary to avoid the failure of the project which was critical for the Olympic Games . This case demonstrates the construction projects can lead to different complexities that can take origins in technical or budgetary limitations. Finally, time constraints can be viewed as another important barrier that should be taken into account. Overall, this discussion indicates that scoping decisions can have profound implications for the implementation of any project. They can be critical for avoiding such pitfalls as excessive costs, delays, and legal disputes that can produce disastrous effects. In many cases, scoping exclusions have to be made at the time when designers and planners identify potential barriers to the implementation of a project. At this point, they need to identify the objectives that will not be attained. These are the main details that can be distinguished since they have profound implications for the work of large organisations and vital projects. A project manager, who works in a multi-cultural environment, may have to deal with several challenges. At first, one should consider the problems resulting from the differences in values and attitudes. For example, in some countries, the power distance between managers and employers is rather short (Ting-Toomey 2012; Binder 2012). Therefore, workers may be reluctant to take initiatives without asking the permission of senior executives. This argument is partly relevant if one speaks about some Asian countries such as China. In contrast, in Europe or North America, this power distance is much shorter, and workers are usually more encouraged to take independent initiatives. Under such circumstances, employees may be more willing to act as decision-makers. These differences can lead to delays or conflicts between executives and managers. In order to avoid such problems, one should clearly identify the rules of communication. In particular, a project manager should develop a communication strategy that enables team members to get in contact with one another as quickly as possible. This iss ue is important for the discussion of possible changes, recommendations, difficulties, and so forth. Furthermore, a project manager should identify those cases when a person can act independently. By empowering workers, one can make sure that minor problems can be addressed as quickly as possible. Thus, the efficiency of cooperation can be significantly increased. It is also important to mention that people representing different cultures may have different attitudes towards conflicts. For example, some employees may believe that a conflict or a disagreement can be beneficial in many cases, since very often it can help people understand the strengths and weaknesses of the current business practices. However, in some cultures, people prefer to avoid conflicts since they are mostly associated with rudeness and disrespect (Witoszek Trgà ¥rdh 2002). This difference can lead to significant problems such as groupthink or unwillingness to critique the opinions of the majority (Hetzel 201 3). In order to overcome this difficulty, the manager should implement the so-called open-door policy which encourages people to discuss the most urgent issues as quickly as possible. Secondly, the manger may ask team members to offer their suggestions or critique via email, if they do not want to enter into a direct conflict with their colleagues. Certainly, managers should not assume that existing theoretical frameworks can always predict the behavior of people representing different cultures. One should keep in mind that cultures can change significantly in the course of their interactions with one another (Jais 2007). Thus, a manager should avoid stereotypes while working in multicultural teams. These are some of the main suggestions that should be considered.  Additionally, one should bear in mind that cultures can differ in term of gender relations. This issue becomes particularly acute if one speaks about the role of women and their status in the workplace. Furthermore, the re is a risk of hostilities between the representatives of different religious or ethnic groups. In order to minimise the risk of such problems, the manager must clearly state that any discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnicity, religion, or any other criteria is utterly inadmissible. Furthermore, it can immediately result in the termination of contract. Although such measures may seem to be rather harsh, they are very useful for reducing the risk of discrimination in the workplace.  Furthermore, possible difficulties can arise at the time when team members are located in different countries or even continents. For example, these people can be located in different time zones, and their cooperation can be significantly impaired. This problem can be addressed in different ways. To some degree, this problem can be resolved through careful planning and allocation of duties. Additionally, one should make sure that workers are able to work autonomously. If this goal is achieved, t he risks of delays will be significantly reduced. Furthermore, one should apply various communication technologies such as Intranet sites, emails, VoIP (voice over IP) technologies, and so forth. These are some of the technical problems that project managers should not overlook. Yet, the impact of these challenges can be mitigated.  Overall, these examples show a project managers should be skilled in cross-cultural management. These professionals should understand how the values and worldviews of people can influence their workplace behaviors. This person should bear in mind that cultural difference should not be confused with incompetence, carelessness, or rudeness. Such an assumption can produce disastrous effects on the work of teams and hinder the implementation of any project. Appendix References Binder, J., 2012. Global Project Management: Communication, Collaboration and Management. New York: Gower Publishing. Cobb, C., 2011. Making Sense of Agile Project Management: Balan cing Control and Agility. New York: John Wiley Sons. Fish, A., 2012. Knowledge Automation: How to Implement Decision Management in Business Processes. Boston: John Wiley Sons. Greer, M., 2002. The Project Managers Partner: A Step-by-step Guide to Project Management. New York: AMACOM. Gunsteren, L., 2011. Stakeholder-oriented Project Management: Tools and Concepts. New York: IOS Press. Hetzel, J., 2013. Does Groupthink Lead to Crisis Situations? New York: GRIN Verlag. Hill, G., 2014. The Complete Project Management Methodology and Toolkit. New York: CRC Press. Jais, S., 2007. The Successful Use of Information in Multinational Companies: An exploratory study of individual outcomes and the influence of national culture. New York: Springer Science Business Media. John, G., Sheard, R., Vickery, B., 2007. Stadia: A Design and Development Guide. New York: Routledge. Lowe, D., 2013.Commercial Management: Theory and Practice. New York: John Wiley Sons. Nicholas, J., Steyn, H., 2012. Pr oject Management for Engineering, Business and Technology. New York: Routledge. Pries, K., Quigley, J., 2012, Total Quality Management for Project Management. New York: CRC Press. Sanghera, P., 2007. PgMP: Program Management Professional Exam Study Guide. New York: John Wiley Sons. Schwalbe, K., 2008. Introduction to Project Management. 2nd Edition. New York: Cengage Learning, Shephard, R., 2006. Quantifying Environmental Impact Assessments Using Fuzzy Logic. New York. Springer Science Business Media. Sobh, T., 2008. Advances in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering. New York: Springer Science Business Media. Ting-Toomey, S., 2012. Communicating Across Cultures. London: Guilford Press. Vargas, R., 2007. Practical Guide to Project Planning. New York: CRC Press. Virginov, V., 2013. Handbook of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Volume One : Making the Games. New York: Routledge. Ward, J., 2011. Dictionary of Project Management Terms. 3rd Edition. New York: E SI International. Witoszek, N, Trgà ¥rdh, L., 2002, Culture and Crisis: The Case of Germany and Sweden. New York: Berghahn Books. Footnotes 1 Please refer to the Appendix to see the decision tree.

Multiple Points of Exclamation!!!

Multiple Points of Exclamation!!! Multiple Points of Exclamation!!! Multiple Points of Exclamation!!! By Michael If you want to strongly emphasize a sentence, either because its emphatic or humorous, you may sparingly use a exclamation point. But use it sparingly! Its supposed to express strong emotion. Dont use more than one at the end of a sentence, unless youre a strongly-emotional fourteen-year-old girl writing on MySpace. Much better: use exclamation points no more than once per page. Like the boy who cried Wolf so often that nobody believed him when he saw a real wolf, you dont want to become known as the writer who cried Exclamation when there wasnt really anything worth exclaiming about. If the exclamation is part of a quotation, put the exclamation point inside the quotes. So, if it represents your strong emotion, put the exclamation point outside the quotation marks. If youre quoting someone else with strong emotions, put the exclamation point inside the quotes. For example: I cant believe that you used multiple exclamation points when you wrote, Whatever!!, especially at your age, Grandmother! The same can be said about interrogation marks. One is enough, even if you are really curious about what you are asking. Maeve Maddox once wrote a post here recommending writers to let the word do the work. Well, they should also let the punctuation mark do the work! No multiple exclamation or interrogation marks, please. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs EnquireOne Fell Swoop30 Words Invented by Shakespeare

Systems and diffusion of innovation theories as they apply to Essay

Systems and diffusion of innovation theories as they apply to healthcare delivery and nursing practice - Essay Example Such demands energy. The theory also tackles the concept of equifinality, which is among the differences between closed and open systems. Equifinality describes a system that can reach the same final state even with different states of initial condition. Unlike close systems that have positive entropy, open systems also approach minimum entropy production, thus aiming for complexity. Taking note of all of these differences, it has been described that the stable state of closed and open systems are equilibrium and steady-state, respectively (von Bertalanffy, 1950). 1. Systems Theory and Healthcare Delivery in the U. S. The Healthcare system, in general, is an open system. It does not react to changes by trying to maintain its state, but by trying to adapt to the changes it is up against. It is in a constantly changing state to maintain its stability, so to speak. Historically, in United States, from 1965, the expenses for healthcare has steadily increased at least 4.5% yearly, much gr eater than the 1.7% increase posted by the country’s gross domestic product, a measure of income. A part of the healthcare expense has increasingly been depended on the private sector, through the private health insurance provided by the employers. The government, on its part also took part in covering for the increase in healthcare expenses. The advancements in medical technologies and the deregulation of medical supply have caused such increase in expenses. However, when the country was undergoing recession, the government implemented the â€Å"managed care†, in which the government limited the use of advanced medical equipment and therapy options (Reinhardt, 2001). In addition, the healthcare system is equifinal. For example, a patient’s willingness to use a novel therapeutic option depends upon the healthcare provider’s sex, specialty, medical school, years in profession, practice volume, and practice location (Sanson-Fisher, 2004). The different perm utations that can lead to the willingness to subject to a treatment option are many. One may arrive at the final decision of (dis)agreeing to undergo the treatment option even through different initial points. 2. Systems Theory and Nursing Practice Going inside the healthcare system is a complicated one because of its complex structure. It is so complex that the nursing profession itself, which is the largest healthcare profession in the United States, is an open system. Their characteristic as an open system is evident in various instances. First, the final state in nursing practice does not depend on the amount of initial state from which it came or the tangible additions or omissions that resulted to the existence of the final state. For example, the nurses’ role in healthcare is vital because they provide the majority of the initial care to the patients, especially among those in critical condition. Specifically, nurses of a certain section of the hospital are exposed to the same conditions during their clinical practice, but yet others graciously handle the situation and others crack under pressure (Smith, 2010). Diffusion of Innovation Theory Applied to the Current Situation From the name itself, diffusion of innovation (DOI) theory, as proposed by Rogers is a much more recently developed theory concerned with the adoption of innovations by a unit over time. In this theory, the contribution of the subunits in spreading the new

The Current Health Status of Aboriginal Australian Population Essay

The Current Health Status of Aboriginal Australian Population - Essay Example It has constantly been emphasized that the poor health and wellbeing of Aboriginal Australians is brought about by economic and social factors such as higher unemployment levels, poor nutrition and sanitation, congested housing, lack of access to education, and poverty. As a result, it has been proposed that the additional health risks of obesity, diabetes, and substance misuse make mortality rates among Aboriginal Australians significantly higher than that of the overall non-Aboriginal Australian population (Lawrence & Worsley, 2007). This paper discusses the factors that contribute to the current health and wellbeing of Aboriginal Australians, factors that increase the prevalence of diabetes, and potential community-focused solution. Contributing Factors to the Current Health of Australian Aboriginal People As stated in the National Aboriginal Health Strategy Working Party report, â€Å"health to Aboriginal peoples is a matter of determining all aspects of their life, including co ntrol over the physical environment, of dignity, of community self-esteem, and of justice. It is not merely a matter of the provision of doctors, hospitals, medicines or the absence of disease and incapacity† (Connor-Fleming & Parker, 2001, 210). Customarily, in Indigenous communities there was no term or word for ‘health’ as recognized by non-Indigenous people, and it would not be easy for Aborigines to view ‘health’ as part of their existence (Eagar & Garrett, 2001). This traditional belief is one of the major determinants of Aboriginal health. Health advocates engaged in programs for Aboriginal communities should be sensitive to this culturally oriented perception of health. Apparently, the Aboriginal perception of health should shape the context for any program supporting Aboriginal health. Second contributing factor is social disadvantage. It is well documented that social disadvantage has the ability to endanger individual health and wellbeing. The connection between poor health and social disadvantage is demonstrated in the health condition of Aboriginal people (Larkin, 2006). As revealed in the National Health Strategy Research paper No. 1, and substantiated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ Health and Welfare of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples research in 1999, there have been several improvements for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders on wider social determinants, especially education (Connor-Fleming & Parker, 2001, 210). Nevertheless, according to Larkin (2006), on determinants of housing, economic standing, and employment status, these people were below Australian standards. Several scholars, like Thomson (1991) and Couzos and Murray (1999), claim that considerable economic and social disadvantage, political subjugation, and a history of cultural displacement and bigotry lead to seriously poor health and wellbeing for Aboriginal Australians. Matthews (1992) argued that a diverse paradig m that recognizes both the medical and social aspects of poor health is important. Where social circumstances are most unfavorable, the necessity for useful healthcare initiatives is

U4IP Building an Organization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

U4IP Building an Organization - Research Paper Example How to build a diverse culture accommodating highly creative technical staff In order to create a culture of diversity, the management has to ensure that, the working environment is resourceful. This means that all employees have equal value in the organization and they have a feeling of appreciation. The management should ensure that employees are well conversant with the mission, vision, objectives and core values of the company. This will enable the team to focus on the company’s strategies hence putting extra effort and creativity in their work for goal achievement. Recognition of employee through appreciation, promotion and benefits are the motivating factors that can challenge weak employees to improve (Madden, 2003). In addition, the firm should source employees from diverse geographical areas regardless of race, religion or background. This will ensure a combination of skills, ideas and creativity from all backgrounds leading to overall success of the organization. The management being the role models of culture diversity should share their skills, competence and knowledge with the employees. This will ensure that the employees uphold and maintain the culture in all levels of operation. How the success of the organizational design in structure and culture will be measured The success of the organization can be measured in various ways. Both qualitative and quantitative methods can be used in determining whether the organizational culture and design structure is successful. The number of customers using the services in a day, week, month or yearly can be used to measure the success of organizational design. The higher the number of customers using the services means the organizational design operating well and fit. On the other hand, if there are few customers attending the firm and using the services and products, it means the design is unsuccessful. Therefore, the management should come up with a new design that will attract and meet customersâ €™ needs. Additionally, an organizational design that is easy to operate and that employee enjoy working with means it is good since workers have accepted it. The management can decide to carry out an interview both internally and externally. This would involve the quality of services and products offered by the company, the design and structure the company is using and the characters of employees. Response to these questions will answer whether the organization is operating well or not. Comparison with other firms in the same line is another way that can be used to measure success of design and culture. A company that has a culture of diversity and is well structurally designed is famous than a company that is poorly structured. How to build teams across a geographically diverse organization Since the company took a global strategy, there is a need to come up with a clear way of managing the entire organization regardless of the geographical location. A Geographical Dispersed T eam (GDT) that has a common objective and goal to the organization should be formed (Madden, 2003). The team members should have trust and proper communication channel to ensure efficiency and effectiveness of the company. The team should be composed of competent and qualified personnel. These groups

Summarize the IRIS Training Module (2) Coursework

Summarize the IRIS Training Module (2) - Coursework Example This paper will discuss the cultural differences existing regarding the involvement of family in Maria’s case and evaluate how cultural influences affect her development. Cultural influences are evident in how students understand verbal messages, body gestures, physical touch and eye contact because different cultures have different expectations of these modes of communication. For example, Maria is a Mexican student in the US and English is not her first language. Further, apart from learning it in the US, she also needs to have enough command over it to use it to learn academic content in school. According to the U.S. Department of Education (2007), the US is known for its historical emphasis on education, which also explains why majority of American parents have always been concerned and involved in their children’s academic affairs. Further, the present-day American education system does not discriminate against gender, as is traditionally seen among some minority cultures that prioritize the education of the boy child. On the contrary, Maria’s parents have not shown interest in what goes on in her school life apart from the fact th at they enrolled her in school. For instance, they have not been returning her teacher’s calls and have also failed to respond to the notes that have been sent to them for a whole week. This acts as a warning sign to the teacher and generates the initial thoughts that the parents are not supportive of their child’s academic endeavor. From the case study, Maria is also shown to be the typical example of English language learners. This is because although she has the conversational skills to chat with friends during break, she lacks the central academic language and vocabulary to succeed in school. A key cultural influence on Maria’s education is what is typically known of Latin American cultures in which children show

Effects of Structural Changes in the Economy of United Kingdom and How Essay

Effects of Structural Changes in the Economy of United Kingdom and How the Labor Market is affected - Essay Example This means that the manner in which the human resource departments of various organizations operate under different economic conditions is influenced by the prevailing economic conditions hence affecting the labor market. In other words, changes that occur in the economy have significant effects on the labor markets and practices of human resource entities of many organizations. It is arguably true that the past changes in the economy have a close relationship with what happens today. This is probably brought about by the fact that changes in the economy are caused by interdependent events that take place over time. One of the most conspicuous effects of structural changes of the economy is inequality in the labor markets. This effect is because of different factors that dictate certain labor relates issues at a national, regional or even the global economy level. This paper addresses how structural changes in the economy affect the labor market and subsequently how human resource pr actices are influenced by such changes. A closer analysis of this issue draws much information from the trends observed in United Kingdom and London in particular. This explains various economic causative factors that affect the labor market resulting into inequality as one of the main effects. Understanding the Structure of an Economy and the Structural Changes An economy is analyzed using different factors that can be observed within an economy. Parts called sectors are the principal elements of defining and analyzing an economy. It is difficult to assess an economy without understanding the components that make its structures. Sectors may be defined using groups of industries or even different parts of various industries. Sectors are categorized into primary, secondary or tertiary (Anelore 11). These categories are used to explain different phenomena associated with structural changes of an economy. Primary sector embrace all activities that are directly linked to the use of natu ral resources while secondary sectors include all activities of production of goods (Zoltan 11; Anelore11). The tertiary sector refers to all services in the private sector such as insurance, banking, and finance among others (Unknown Author, 2: Mukesh et al. 38). A combination of primary and secondary sectors is referred to as the goods sector (Smith & Grant 76). The three sectors of the economy that define the structures of an economy are pertinent in highlighting various effects of structural changes of the economy to labor markets. It is obvious that when there are shifts in any of these sectors, there are certain changes that are structural within the economy thus affecting the labor market. This is because employment and employment requirements are influenced by the economy. Although there is a no a consensus over what elements that define structural changes of an economy, there are different theoretical explanations that define these changes. Irrespective of the varied perspe ctives by different intellectuals, structural changes within an economy can be defined as changes that have occurred within an economy causing fundamental shifts in the way an economy is organized to hitherto. This makes it necessary to understand past trends of an economy before embarking on investigating current trends. In relation to the effects of the changes to the labor market, structural change of an economy is the shift from manufacturing-dependent to service based

Summarize the IRIS Training Module (2) Coursework

Summarize the IRIS Training Module (2) - Coursework Example This paper will discuss the cultural differences existing regarding the involvement of family in Maria’s case and evaluate how cultural influences affect her development. Cultural influences are evident in how students understand verbal messages, body gestures, physical touch and eye contact because different cultures have different expectations of these modes of communication. For example, Maria is a Mexican student in the US and English is not her first language. Further, apart from learning it in the US, she also needs to have enough command over it to use it to learn academic content in school. According to the U.S. Department of Education (2007), the US is known for its historical emphasis on education, which also explains why majority of American parents have always been concerned and involved in their children’s academic affairs. Further, the present-day American education system does not discriminate against gender, as is traditionally seen among some minority cultures that prioritize the education of the boy child. On the contrary, Maria’s parents have not shown interest in what goes on in her school life apart from the fact th at they enrolled her in school. For instance, they have not been returning her teacher’s calls and have also failed to respond to the notes that have been sent to them for a whole week. This acts as a warning sign to the teacher and generates the initial thoughts that the parents are not supportive of their child’s academic endeavor. From the case study, Maria is also shown to be the typical example of English language learners. This is because although she has the conversational skills to chat with friends during break, she lacks the central academic language and vocabulary to succeed in school. A key cultural influence on Maria’s education is what is typically known of Latin American cultures in which children show

Fashion and Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion and Style - Essay Example The effect of clothing choice is powerful than one would think since people judge us by the way we look and dress. To some style is more of character than clothes but when one styles up in a good manner one makes the inner self to be visible and many would emulate a person who dresses in a good way. One would also earn respect from the people that one associates with since it gives the impression of what one is. Despite the spreading of fashion, style has been out for decades. As the economy expanded, the world has embarked on a collective shopping extravaganza. Clothes and style, on the other hand, doesn't demand a credit card it prospers on bravery and creativity (Jen 38).Style goes way beyond fashion; it is an individually distinctive way of putting ourselves together. It is a unique blend of spirit and substance. Personal identity imposed on, and created through, the world of things. It is a way of capturing something exciting, making a statement about ourselves in clothes. It is what people really want when they aspire to be fashionable. Style is under the general term, fashion. Style is anoverall term which covers very many other topics such as: music, film and television literature, rhetoric, and linguistics among very many other areas. When it comes to fashion clothes are widely discussed and we can say that clothes give a visual aspect to consciousness itself. Through clothes we are able to invent ourselves time and again when we get to dress up. Dressing code also has got a specific time to take over. We dress differently during different occasions such that you cannot dress the same way in a wedding and in a burial ceremony. Style requires one to have confidence with what he is expressing. One can have lots of clothes and lack style (Chidy 97).Fashion is a very wide area which also entails furniture, body piercing, accessories, footwear and clothing including many other things. Style also describes ones uniqueness either in ones career like most of t he musicians have different styles which make them known and recognized. Fashion has got no end each day inventions are made so one has to be updated. It is also expensive to maintain. The media plays an important role in fashion since fashion journalism is practiced here.

Pros and Cons of Large Universities Essay Example for Free

Pros and Cons of Large Universities Essay University, as stated in The Oxford Dictionary, is an educational institution designed for instruction, examination, or both, of students in many branches of advanced learning. Like any other institution, it may be categorized as either good or bad depending on its level of excellence, how well it prepares its students for the working environment, etc. These defining factors and other essential components, determine whether a certain university is a worthy place to go to school. Thus, based on these defining features, it can be said that Florida State is an exceptional institution to attend college. As previously mentioned, Florida State University is a wonderful place to attend college, as it is considered one of the best research universities in Florida. For instance, unlike some universities, it provides students with the facilities to experiment in the laboratory and gain firsthand experiences in analyzing and understanding their field of interest. That is, it grants students the opportunity to apply what they learn in class to real life situations, thus enabling a greater understanding of their field of interest. It also enables them to think independently and critically rather than solely memorizing the information taught to them. In addition to the above, FSU consists of many libraries such as Dirac, and Strozier, which conveniently house an extensive collection of books and research papers. These libraries are the homes of many tutors and professors who are there specifically to help students in reinforcing the subject matter learned. These tutoring sessions are free of charge, and allows for personalized attention outside of the classroom. Furthermore, Florida State also provides its pupils with an opportunity to study abroad for one semester. This program is advantageous as it gives students the ability to interact with new cultures and assess their way of life. It helps them to become well rounded individuals capable of looking beyond the surface, and also allows for personal, intellectual and spiritual development. Last but not least, FSU is a great school because it provides a communal environment whereby people of different cultures can interact and share their ideals, values, and beliefs. It allows them to actively participate in activities that encourage a relationship between people of different ethnicities, and engages students to utilize the knowledge they obtain to make informed judgments. Nevertheless, like any other institution, Florida State University has its disadvantages. One such disadvantage would be the sizes of the classroom. For instance, many classes range from a student body of 200-300. This can prove disadvantageous because there is less student-teacher interaction and fewer opportunities for students to grasp the information being taught. Also, the out-of-state tuition for students, who are not residents of Florida, may prove to be very costly. Lastly, some professors have little regard for their students’ progression and are focused solely on their area of research. In conclusion, despite these disadvantages, Florida State is a great place to attend college because it is one of the best research universities in Florida. Additionally, it strives to educate its pupils to become well rounded individuals-capable of asserting themselves beyond their field of interest, as well as provides them with many opportunities to grow both spiritually and mentally.

A Disorder That Affects The Endocrine System Medical Essay

A Disorder That Affects The Endocrine System Medical Essay The patient chosen to partake in this project is a 54 year old male of Asian origin, diagnosed 8 years ago, at 46 years old suffering from Type II Diabetes. Health Issue Diabetes Mellitus is a disorder that affects the endocrine system, as it is this system that controls and regulates the hormones (chemical messengers) release into their target cells. Therefore, diabetes is caused by irregular levels of insulin in the bloodstream. There are two types of the disease diabetes, type I and type II. Type I diabetes is diabetes that occurs because the beta cells (those that produce insulin), of the pancreas are destroyed. It is known to be an autoimmune disease, initially recognised in patients under the age of 40, however, the disease can develop with age. The only treatment and method of survival for this type of diabetes is to be solely dependent on insulin. Type II diabetes is caused by either insulin deficiency or body resistance to the insulin. As time progresses, extrinsic insulin treatment will be required to ensure the regulation of glucose in the bloodstream. Type II diabetes is most common in older people, especially those people that are obese and are of Asian nationality. In a normal healthy person, when food is eaten it is digested and broken down into molecules of glucose which is absorbed into the bloodstream and into the cells that require it for energy. However to do this, insulin, a chemical messenger produced by the beta cells in the pancreas, is required to act as a key, complementary to the receptors on the plasmalemma of the glucose requiring cells. However, people suffering from diabetes may be producing the insulin required, yet the receptor becomes less responsive to the insulin or resistant to the insulin produced. Additionally, receptor downregulation occurs which is a process whereby, in a patient that eats unhealthily there is extreme levels of glucose in the bloodstream so the body trys to maintain and regulate homeostasis, so in a process of positive feedback, receptor downregulation occurs which increases the amount of glucose in the blood which is toxic. Furthermore, the body may start producing less insulin than required which prevents glucose entering the cells. Therefore, there is an accumulation of glucose in the bloodstream which leads to hyperglycaemia. The main symptoms of the disease are: Fatigue usually occurring because the patient is unable to use the glucose for energy. Polyuria which is passing urine as the body tries to excrete the excess glucose from the body. Nocturia, passing urine at night. Blurry vision or decreased vision. Slow healing of any cuts and wounds. Polydipsia which is increased thirst. Unusual weight loss as the body is unable to use the glucose for energy so the body breaks down the stored fat and proteins instead. Itching, thrush or any urinary tract infections as generally the infection rate will increase as there are high levels of glucose in the blood stream. Walker et al (2002): Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, page 632 describes that the diagnosis of diabetes should not be based solely on one reading on a prick reading as they should be only used to identify people who may be at risk of diabetes such as screening. Diagnosis is usually established via a venous blood sample verified by thorough lab testing. TALK ABOUT NICE GUIDELINES HERE for blood glucose levels for diagnosis of diabetes Treatments The treatments that are generally used to control blood sugar levels are: Lifestyle changes the patient should be advised to introduce an exercise regime and suitable diet (there is no strict diet for diabetic patients, so patients are advised to eat healthily). However, if this cannot control the blood sugar levels then patients require oral antidiabetic drugs. Oral Antidiabetic Drugs Campbell, Ian (Jun 2007) Oral Antidiabetic Drugs: their properties and recommended use, Prescriber Volume 18 Issue 6 page 58 outlines the use of each antidiabetic drug. First-line Drug Therapy Sulfonylureas Types of Sulfonylureas include gliclazide, glibenclamide, glipizide and glimepiride, which work by stimulating the release of insulin into the bloodstream. As stated in the BNF (March 2010), Sulfonylureas must not be given to obese patients or overweight as these drugs can encourage weight gain. Also there is a very high risk of hypoglycaemia as some Sulfonylureas drugs (glibenclamide) are long acting and should NOT be prescribed to the elderly. Side effects include; nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea and constipation. Biguanide Types of Biguanide include metformin which improves insulin action. BNF (March 2010) describes that Metformin works differently to the Sulfonylureas drugs as it decreases the action of gluconeogenesis, therefore, limiting the amount of glucose being produced by substrates such as amino acids, glycerol etc. Metformin is usually given first priority to people who are overweight, so unlike Sulfonylureas drugs can be given to the elderly. Another benefit of this drug is that it does not lead to hypoglycaemia but has many more side effects including abdominal pain, anorexia and taste disturbance. Second-line Drug Therapy Glitazones (given with biguanides or sulfonylureas drugs as double therapy) Types of glitazones include pioglitazone and rosiglitazone Glitazone drugs work to reduce the insulin resistance and improve the sensitivity to insulin. However, taking these drugs increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and many other side effects including reports of liver toxicity, alopecia, anaemia etc. Prandial glucose regulators Regulators include repaglinide and nateglinide. These second-line therapy drugs can be used as monotherapy or used with metformin. Sexton, John et.al (2006): Pharmaceutical Care made Easy, page 66 describes how these drugs work differently to the Sulfonylureas drugs, by stimulating the increase of insulin using different receptor sites. Side effects of this drug include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, constipation and nausea. Insulin There are three types of insulin that can be administered to treat diabetes. Fast-acting insulin is insulin that is said to be neutral because they are soluble, working to reduce the glucose in as little as ten minutes but only work for a few hours so are suitable for patients that require insulin after a meal. Intermediate-acting insulin is insoluble insulin which takes about one to two hours to work effectively. To cover a whole day this insulin has to be injected twice daily. Long-acting insulin is insulin that lasts a whole day and so does not to be administered more than once each day. Diabetic Complications Diabetes MUST be controlled to prevent serious microvascular and macrovascular complications which deter the health of the patient further. Microvascular Diseases Peripheral Neuropathy this is when there is impairment or damage to the nerves, especially on the feet, leading to vibrations and muscle pain, eventually the patient will not be able to feel the feet at all. Nephropathy this is when the kidneys become swollen and larger than normal, because of excess fluid in the kidney and can be discovered by testing on urine for a certain chemical called albumin. If high amounts of this substance are found in the urine, then the patient is suffering from nephropathy which can lead to kidney failure. Retinopathy blindness in diabetic patients is common, therefore, regular screening is undertaken. Control over blood sugar can prevent retinopathy, and if detected early, the eyesight can be recovered by laser eye surgery. Macrovascular Diseases Cardiovascular Disease Walker, John et.al (2002) page 636 discusses that the risk of someone with diabetes having a myocardial infarction is the same as someone without diabetes having a second myocardial infarction. This highlights the importance of controlling diet and advising patients to stop smoking. Peripheral Vascular Disease this is when the blood vessels near the heart or around the heart are affected which increases the risk of suffering from a myocardial infaction or suffering from cardiovascular problems such as hypertension. Microvascular and Macrovascular Diseases Diabetic Foot Ulcers this is the combined result of having many of the diseases above such as neuropathy, peripheral vascular disease and not controlling the amount of glucose levels in the bloodstream. Therefore, this leads to glucose deposits on the toes of the feet which become prone to infection. Therefore, patient education is of utmost importance to prevent ulcers appearing. Social/Psychological Impairment and Management of the disease The patient found coping with the disease very difficult, soon after diagnosis lost his job, unable to cope with the physical requirements and unable to drive the patient felt vulnerable and insecure, lost confidence and a sense of independence. Therefore, the patient fell in depression and financial worries increased .The family also felt that learning to manage the disease was difficult. However, education available provided the information required to deal with diabetic emergencies most common being hypoglycaemia which could lead to coma. Furthermore, the patient suffered from retinopathy which is a microvascular diabetic complications Therefore, in order to correct the patients eyesight the patient had to undergo a few laser treatments. Medicines/Treatments Role of Pharmacist The pharmacists first and most important priority is the patient; hence the pharmacist initially must follow a certain care cycle and criteria to ensure maximum contribution to proper care of the patient. Therefore the patients care began with a broad assessment, gathering the information to identify symptoms, all problems and complaints and potential problems. This was when many of the symptoms of the patient were recognised as diabetic symptoms such as fatigue, passing urine excessively etc. The pharmacists role at this point is to prioritise the patient and to advise and explain to the patient to see the patient as soon as possible. Once the patient was diagnosed the pharmacist was able to think about the outcomes of care and how to achieve the desirable outcomes. To do this, the pharmacist counselled the patient in accordance to the severity of the diabetes. The pharmacist at this point discussed lifestyle changes, such as moderate alcohol intake, maintaining a healthy diet, and introducing a sufficient exercise regime and the variety of antidiabetic drug therapy treatment options. Once the suitable drug therapy was identified for the patient, the pharmacist was able to provide and support the patient, by creating a rapport with the patient, providing and establishing self-confidence and asking questions. The pharmacist also counselled the patient by discussing each and every drug in an Medicines Use and Review (MUR) service which taught the patient how to administer i nsulin properly and effectively, the most common side effects, how to take medication and when to take medication (such as medication that must be taken with a meal or medications to be taken only in the morning etc.), and generally talking about how the patient is coping with the disease. The patient was also advised to join a diabetic clinic so that the patient and patients family could attend to receive important information about how to identify when a person is in a state of hypoglycaemia (eg. tremors, sweating, palpitations, drowsiness), and also giving details on how to avoid serious diabetic complications. In general, the pharmacist has a duty of professional conduct to act in a way to benefit the patient which is publicised in the seven MEP Guidelines (YEAR). 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Area for Improvement Reflection

Are Political Parties In Decline? :: essays research papers

Are Political Parties in Decline? Are Political Parties in Decline? No: Ronald Landes In Defence of Canadian Political Parties Strong point- Ronald Landed mentions that the several functions of a political party focus on the responsibilities of it. His strongest point too lies within the responsibilities of political governing. Walt Bagehot explains that a political party's chief role is to join the government's executive portion to that of the legislative portion. In short, Bagelot believes that parties force the government to run smoother, and encourage them to solve more problems. Weak point- Landes' weakest point is in regards to the function of party financing. More spefically the electroal functions of the parties financing. He feels that because a party can raise money year in and year out (in fact the money is flowing more than ever), that the organization is successful. A simple explantion exists explaining why more money is coming into the political parties. First of all government legislation has changed regarding the amounts of donations which can be made, i.e. parties can now take more, and larger donations. Secondly, politicians are more bussiness oriented and influenced by large corporations and recieve large donations for corporate involvements. Parties are not more influencial due to more money, nor are they better organized. Yes: John Meisel Decline of Party in Canada Strong point- John Meisel states that the primary factor leading to the dircet declination of political parties in Canada is the rise of the bureaucratic state. Modern Politics have eclipsed the past when political parties did not need to gain specific knowledge as the focused on a few key points rather than large amounts of responsibility. Today too many complex issues are dumped upon our elected representatives, and they have no hope in being able to deal with all the issues or give the proper amount of time and care. The development of appointed civil severents has greatly aided in the solution of this problem, but unfortunatley the elected representitives have lost control over the matters. Meisel stated that politicians now can only sit back and observe the results of the civil servants and accept these results. The officials now can no longer act for the good of the people but rather must obey the control of the civil servants. Weak point- Are Political Parties In Decline? :: essays research papers Are Political Parties in Decline? Are Political Parties in Decline? No: Ronald Landes In Defence of Canadian Political Parties Strong point- Ronald Landed mentions that the several functions of a political party focus on the responsibilities of it. His strongest point too lies within the responsibilities of political governing. Walt Bagehot explains that a political party's chief role is to join the government's executive portion to that of the legislative portion. In short, Bagelot believes that parties force the government to run smoother, and encourage them to solve more problems. Weak point- Landes' weakest point is in regards to the function of party financing. More spefically the electroal functions of the parties financing. He feels that because a party can raise money year in and year out (in fact the money is flowing more than ever), that the organization is successful. A simple explantion exists explaining why more money is coming into the political parties. First of all government legislation has changed regarding the amounts of donations which can be made, i.e. parties can now take more, and larger donations. Secondly, politicians are more bussiness oriented and influenced by large corporations and recieve large donations for corporate involvements. Parties are not more influencial due to more money, nor are they better organized. Yes: John Meisel Decline of Party in Canada Strong point- John Meisel states that the primary factor leading to the dircet declination of political parties in Canada is the rise of the bureaucratic state. Modern Politics have eclipsed the past when political parties did not need to gain specific knowledge as the focused on a few key points rather than large amounts of responsibility. Today too many complex issues are dumped upon our elected representatives, and they have no hope in being able to deal with all the issues or give the proper amount of time and care. The development of appointed civil severents has greatly aided in the solution of this problem, but unfortunatley the elected representitives have lost control over the matters. Meisel stated that politicians now can only sit back and observe the results of the civil servants and accept these results. The officials now can no longer act for the good of the people but rather must obey the control of the civil servants. Weak point-

A Big Issue for Home Appliance Manufacturers in China :: Outsourcing Retail Partner Manufacturing Essays

A Big Issue for Home Appliance Manufacturers in China Home Appliance manufacturers in china have made great progress accompany the fast development of the consumption of home appliance in the whole nation. There are many native home appliances manufacturers and foreign manufacturers especially those who come from Japan and South Korea, contest for this huge market. The competition among them is extremely scorching. To occupy the market, techniques, finance and management are undoubt tools for competing. However, the difference of those three elements among the manufactures become less and less. So another field was focused by those manufacturers and many issues arose. That is retailer. It is very difficult for those manufactures to compete with so many competitors in this big country by only their own branch representatives. Outsourcing retailer become absolutely important. However, common retailers can ¡Ã‚ ¦t help too much. What they need are outsourcing retail partner who keep stable relationship and supply long term retail service to them. The benefits of outsourcing retail partners are obvious but how to outsource is quite complicate and is the main issue will be discussed. Literature review 1. What is outsourcing ¡GThe definition of outsourcing 1. The process of transferring the responsibility for a specific business function from a employee group to a non-employee group (Zhiwei, Kathy, Joseph, 2001) 2. The outsource could be defined as a service outside the company acting as an extension of the company ¡Ã‚ ¦s business but responsible for its own management, while outsourcing could be defined as employing an outside agency to manage a function formerly carried on inside a company (Rothery and Robertson, 1995) 3. A transfer of an administrative responsibility to an outside organization, an arrangement that changes both service delivery and internal staffing patterns. Contracts with consulting firms, however, are also viewed by some as a form of outsourcing, particularly when close ties develop in long-term relationships.(Johnson and Cox, 1997) Others describe outsourcing as  ¡Ã‚ §the practice of handling over the planning, management and operation of certain functions to an independent third party ¡Ã‚ ¨ (Auerbach, 1996).  ¡Ã‚ §Finding new suppliers and new ways to secure the delivery of raw materials, goods components and services, by utilizing the knowledge, experience and creativity of new suppliers not used previously (Thames, 1994) 2. The benefits of outsourcing a supply partner To know the reason why the home appliance manufactures need to outsource retail partner. As Partner outsourcing is only a part of outsourcing, we need to find benefits or advantage gained from outsourcing and we can see all the benefits of partner outsourcing from there.

Nike vs Adidas Essay

My area of study for this project would be more on comparing the performances for Nike and Adidas for the past 5 years. In this project I would explain the performance such as growth in profits, revenues, market share, the company employers and employees, size of the market share, steps for increasing the social performance, products performance, dividends per share, assets and the company investment. Nike and Adidas and have been the top two leading sport companies in the sport industry over the past few decades. These two companies sell and offer wide range of products for the customers and their products offered is mainly on sports wear for men and women and caters to consumers from different age groups. Their products consist on clothing such as jerseys, shirts, t-shirts, shorts and pants. These companies also provide the customers varieties of footwear such as sports shoes, casual shoes, boots, sandals and stockings. Besides that, fashion accessories are also offered from these three companies such as bags, watch, bracelets, wallets and purse. And lastly they also offer a wide range of sport gears for their customers. Nike and Adidas have also been the top sponsors in the sport industry. Sponsoring their products is important for the companies to get brand recognition, building their brand image and to promote their latest products. Nike and Adidas have been sponsoring equipments, clothing and accessories for athletes and coaches in sport tournaments and events. For instance, these three companies sponsor their products for football, soccer, basketball, baseball and many more. These companies also include slogan and motto for their company. Nike’s motto is â€Å"Just Do It’ which is the signature of the brand which makes their products and the company recognizable to consumers. As for Adidas, their current motto is â€Å"Impossible is Nothing† which serves as an encouragement to athletes for their sports. Origins and History of Nike and Adidas Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports was founded by University of Oregeon track athlete Philip Knight and his coach Bill Bowerman in January 1964. The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, making most sales at track meets out of Knight’s automobile. The company’s profits grew quickly, and in 1966, Blue Ribbon Sports opened its first retail store, located on Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, California. By 1971, the relationship between Blue Ribbon Sports and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end. BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear, which would bear the newly designed Swoosh by Carolyn Davidson. The Swoosh was first used by Nike in June 1971, and was registered with the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office on January 22, 1974. Adidas was founded in 1948 by Adolf â€Å"Adi† Dassler, following the split of Gebruder Dassler Schuhfabrik between him and his older brother, Rudolf. Rudolf would later establish Puma, which was the early rival of Adidas. Registered in 1949, Adidas is currently based in Herzogenaurach, Germany. The company’s clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars, and the same motif is incorporated into Adidas’s current official logo. The â€Å"Three Stripes† were bought from the Finnish sport company Karhu Sports in the 1950s. Objective The objective of the project is to measure and compare the marketing strategies of the top two sport fashion companies which are Nike and Adidas. So this project would be mainly conducted to resolute the similarities and differences of the two sport companies marketing strategies. Besides that, this project will compare on the performance of Nike and Adidas which include the company’s growth in revenues, profits or net income, dividends per share, size of company in the market, performances of employees, steps for increasing the social responsibility performance, products performance, stock performance and the company performances in investment. Problem Statement Firstly, the sport industry is becoming ever more competitive, with new brands competing for a share of consumers for the products in the market. Building a relationship with customers is a challenge facing for Nike and Adidas. This is because the companies need to be followed up with new trends and styles in the industry for their customers in order for them to build their products brand and image. Secondly, there was a case happened in China where a local Chinese domestic sports goods manufacturer company called Li Ning opened 6917 stores in mainland China by December 31,2008 aking it 1241 more than the year of 2007. During the year 2008, Li Ning has published its financial report which states that due to the Beijing Olympic Games, the company made total revenues of CNY 669(million) a year on-year-increase of 53. 8% compared to the year 2007. Not only that, Li Ning made an overall entry into the market of Southeast Asia. Now they have stores in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and other Southeast Asia countries. This became a problem for Nike and Adidas where the two international giants see recession in their performance in China. According to the financial report of Adidas, the company’s net profit decreased by 95% to â‚ ¬ 130 million in the first half of the year. As for the sales revenue, it decreased by 2% to â‚ ¬ 5. 03 billion. As for Nike numbers of distributors were reduced in the year 2008 due with the bad performance. Thirdly, the problem that attracted me to do this project is because I would like to know why Nike had low growth in revenue in the year of 2009. Nike had only increased 3% of its revenue to $ 19176. (million), with net income falling 21% to $ 1486. 7(million). As for Adidas, they also had the same problem. But the problem for Adidas was worst compared to Nike because at the year of 2009, the company net income is â‚ ¬ 10381(million) which decreased compared to the year 2008 which is â‚ ¬ 10799(million). These two companies had their difficulties is the year of 2009. So I would eager to find out about the problems they faced during that year. Significance of Study The importance of doing this project would be very important to other parties and companies. In this case, small and medium enterprise (SME) would get the advantages and benefits because they would know how the bigger companies such as Nike and Adidas operates their businesses, how they sell their products and services to their customers, what kind of marketing strategies they use, how the companies measure their performances and the most important reason is how Nike and Adidas continues to become a big market player in the sports industry. As part of that, this project will comprise mainly of small to medium-sized companies to engage in a diversity of activities which includes manufacturing of sport goods, sport tourism, media, and construction of venues. For example, small and medium enterprise (SME) in Malaysia can take the opportunity to get involved with sport products, services, sponsorships, hosting up international sport tournaments and events. And not to forget, the involvement of (SME) would also helps our country in the tourism sector because many athletes and participants will get to travel and visit our country and this will relatively build the countries economic performances. Corporate social responsibilities (CSR) also play a role for every sport companies in responsibility to act in a way that positively contributes to their stakeholders and the communities in which they exist. In this case, it is increasingly important for the social and economic issues such as rapid technological change, a diverse and aging population, environmental changes and mounting concerns regarding the country’s growing social divide have resulted in focusing on the responsibility of firms to the communities in which they operate. (Margolis & Walsh 2003; Sagawa & Segal 2000) Justification The reason I chose this topic is because the project is interesting as sports is an important part of today’s society and plays a large role in many people’s lives. From a social standpoint, sport plays a positive role in uniting people from different social backgrounds. This can aid people’s understanding and tolerance of each other. As far as education is concerned, sport is an important part of every child’s schooling, as it plays a big role in both their physical and mental development. It teaches children how to work as a part of a team and cooperate with others, while at the same time improving physical condition. The second reason I chose sports industry because this industry is growing rapidly in Malaysia. There are continuous demands from customers, sports athletes, and models for these sport products. The Malaysian sport industry is considered as a young industry comprising of small and medium-sized businesses. The Malaysian sports industry comprises of companies engaging in a diversity of activities, from the manufacturing of sport goods, sport tourism, media, to the construction of sport facilities. The third why I chose these two companies is because Nike and Adidas has been the biggest market share player in the sports industry. Nike controls 31% of athletic sportswear which is the highest market share compared to other sport companies in the year 2007. As for Adidas, they control the second highest share of athletic sportswear which is 16% of the market in 2007. As for other companies Puma controls 7%, Reebok 6%, New Balance 6%, and Converse 4%. Expected Outcomes The expected outcome which I can conclude is Nike would have the better performance for this year 2010 because their net income/profit for the past few years have been stable. Ever since the year of 2006, Nike’s net income/profit stands at $ 1392. (million). As for the year 2007, it increased to $ 1491. 5(million). At the year 2008, Nike’s net income/profit increased with huge and outstanding amount of $ 1883. 4(million). But by the year of 2009, their company had a decreased in their net income/profit which is $ 1486. 7(million). As for Adidas, the company would not have a better performance compared to Nike because in the year 2009, their net income was only â‚ ¬ 245(million). Their net income decreased with a huge margin compared to the year 2008 which is â‚ ¬ 642(million). So the key impact from the financial statement of year 2009. The net income of Adidas reduced more than 60% in 2009. But Nike was capable of stabilizing the results with a minor reduction of only 20% in 2009. As for the performance of dividend development, Nike has shown increases in its number. For the year 2006, Nike’s dividends declared per common share stands at $ 0. 59. Their company dividend increased to $ 0. 98 in the year 2009. But as for Adidas, they showed a decline from the year 2006 to 2009. In the year 2006, Adidas dividends declared per common share stands at â‚ ¬ 0. 42. While in the year 2009, Adidas dividends declared per common share felt to â‚ ¬ 0. 5. As for the expected outcome for the year 2010, Nike would be expected to increase their dividends successfully because their dividend declared per common share has been rising steadily. As for the company’s asset assessment, I can expect that Nike would do better in the assets performance in the year 2010 because their total assets have been increasing from the year 2006-2009. The total of assets that Nike had in the year 2006 was $ 9,869(million), in the year of 2007, Nike’s assets increased to $ 10,688. 3(million). Last year, Nike had a total of assets of $ 13,250(million). This shows that Nike’s assets have been increasing and it is expected to rise in the year 2010. As for Adidas, their company’s total asset is not stable from the year shown in 2006-2009. In 2006, Adidas totals assets stands at â‚ ¬ 8379(million). It decreased on the following year to 8325(million). As for the year 2008, their total assets were increased to â‚ ¬ 9533(million). As for 2009, their total assets decreased to a total of â‚ ¬ 8875(million). Ever since Adidas total of assets is not stable, I can expect that Nike would do better in the assets performance. References http://condor.depaul.edu/~aalmaney/StrategicAnalysisofNike.htm http://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1693768.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adidas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reebok